MEDICATION SAFETY ISSUES
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:
Albenza® may be confused with Aplenzin™ , Relenza®
International issues:
Albenza® may be confused with Avanza® which is a brand name for mirtazapine in Australia
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Albenza®
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS
Neurocysticercosis: Oral:
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days
≥ 60 kg: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days
Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral:
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day)
≥ 60 kg: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses
Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between. The manufacturer recommends a total of 3 cycles.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Necator americanus(hookworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")
Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing:
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworm), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet:
Albenza®: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Tablet:
Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Should be administered with a high-fat meal. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy. If patients have difficulty swallowing, tablets may be crushed or chewed, then swallowed with a drink of water.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis (liver fluke); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT
>10%:
Central nervous system: Headache (11% neurocysticercosis; 1% hydatid)
Hepatic: LFTs increased (16% hydatid; <1% neurocysticercosis)
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Intracranial pressure increased (up to 2%), dizziness (≤ 1%), fever (≤ 1%), vertigo (≤ 1%), meningeal signs (1%)
Dermatologic: Alopecia (<1% to 2%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (up to 6%), nausea/vomiting (4% to 6%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening symptoms): Acute liver failure, acute renal failure, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, erythema multiforme, granulocytopenia, hepatitis, hypersensitivity reaction, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole, benzimidazoles, or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and pancytopenia have occurred leading to fatalities (rare); use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment (more susceptible to hematologic toxicity). Discontinue therapy in all patients who develop clinically significant decreases in blood cell counts. Transaminase elevations: Reversible elevations in hepatic enzymes have been reported. Patients with abnormal LFTs and hepatic echinococcosis are at an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are >2 times the upper limit of normal; may consider restarting treatment (with frequent monitoring of LFTs) when hepatic enzymes return to pretreatment values.
Disease-related concerns: Neurocysticercosis: Appropriate use: Corticosteroids should be administered before or upon initiation of albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions and prevent cerebral hypertension. Anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent seizures. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Aminoquinolines (Antimalarial): May decrease the serum concentration of Anthelmintics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by up to 5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Tablets (Albenza)
200 mg (12): $26.99
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; LFTs and CBC with differential at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy (more frequent monitoring for patients with liver disease); pregnancy test
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Almex (MY); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendex-400 (ZA); Benzol (PH); Bruzol (MX); Ceprazol (CN); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Digezanol (MX); Emanthal (IN); Eskasole (MX); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, ES, GB, IL, JP, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Helmiben (UY); Helmidazole (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Labenda (TH); Lomsin (MX); Lurdex (MX); Mebenix (BR); Mesin-C (MY); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Parhel (CR, DO, GT, HN, NI, PA, SV); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Valbazen Vet (NO); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CH, CI, CL, CN, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IL, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KP, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, NL, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, PR, PT, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TN, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS
Absorption: Poor; may increase up to 5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation to active metabolite (albendazole sulfoxide [major]), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-5 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
Showing posts with label Albendazole. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Albendazole. Show all posts
Monday, May 24, 2010
Albendazole
MEDICATION SAFETY ISSUES
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:
Albenza® may be confused with Aplenzin™ , Relenza®
International issues:
Albenza® may be confused with Avanza® which is a brand name for mirtazapine in Australia
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Albenza®
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS
Neurocysticercosis: Oral:
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days
≥ 60 kg: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days
Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral:
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day)
≥ 60 kg: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses
Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between. The manufacturer recommends a total of 3 cycles.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Necator americanus(hookworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")
Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing:
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworm), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet:
Albenza®: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Tablet:
Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Should be administered with a high-fat meal. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy. If patients have difficulty swallowing, tablets may be crushed or chewed, then swallowed with a drink of water.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis (liver fluke); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT
>10%:
Central nervous system: Headache (11% neurocysticercosis; 1% hydatid)
Hepatic: LFTs increased (16% hydatid; <1% neurocysticercosis)
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Intracranial pressure increased (up to 2%), dizziness (≤ 1%), fever (≤ 1%), vertigo (≤ 1%), meningeal signs (1%)
Dermatologic: Alopecia (<1% to 2%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (up to 6%), nausea/vomiting (4% to 6%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening symptoms): Acute liver failure, acute renal failure, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, erythema multiforme, granulocytopenia, hepatitis, hypersensitivity reaction, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole, benzimidazoles, or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and pancytopenia have occurred leading to fatalities (rare); use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment (more susceptible to hematologic toxicity). Discontinue therapy in all patients who develop clinically significant decreases in blood cell counts. Transaminase elevations: Reversible elevations in hepatic enzymes have been reported. Patients with abnormal LFTs and hepatic echinococcosis are at an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are >2 times the upper limit of normal; may consider restarting treatment (with frequent monitoring of LFTs) when hepatic enzymes return to pretreatment values.
Disease-related concerns: Neurocysticercosis: Appropriate use: Corticosteroids should be administered before or upon initiation of albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions and prevent cerebral hypertension. Anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent seizures. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Aminoquinolines (Antimalarial): May decrease the serum concentration of Anthelmintics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by up to 5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Tablets (Albenza)
200 mg (12): $26.99
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; LFTs and CBC with differential at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy (more frequent monitoring for patients with liver disease); pregnancy test
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Almex (MY); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendex-400 (ZA); Benzol (PH); Bruzol (MX); Ceprazol (CN); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Digezanol (MX); Emanthal (IN); Eskasole (MX); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, ES, GB, IL, JP, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Helmiben (UY); Helmidazole (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Labenda (TH); Lomsin (MX); Lurdex (MX); Mebenix (BR); Mesin-C (MY); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Parhel (CR, DO, GT, HN, NI, PA, SV); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Valbazen Vet (NO); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CH, CI, CL, CN, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IL, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KP, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, NL, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, PR, PT, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TN, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS
Absorption: Poor; may increase up to 5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation to active metabolite (albendazole sulfoxide [major]), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-5 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
Sound-alike/look-alike issues:
Albenza® may be confused with Aplenzin™ , Relenza®
International issues:
Albenza® may be confused with Avanza® which is a brand name for mirtazapine in Australia
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Albenza®
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS
Neurocysticercosis: Oral:
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days
≥ 60 kg: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days
Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral:
<60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day)
≥ 60 kg: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses
Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between. The manufacturer recommends a total of 3 cycles.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), and Necator americanus(hookworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 800 mg/day in 2 divided doses, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")
Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing:
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworm), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet:
Albenza®: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Tablet:
Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Should be administered with a high-fat meal. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy. If patients have difficulty swallowing, tablets may be crushed or chewed, then swallowed with a drink of water.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis (liver fluke); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT
>10%:
Central nervous system: Headache (11% neurocysticercosis; 1% hydatid)
Hepatic: LFTs increased (16% hydatid; <1% neurocysticercosis)
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Intracranial pressure increased (up to 2%), dizziness (≤ 1%), fever (≤ 1%), vertigo (≤ 1%), meningeal signs (1%)
Dermatologic: Alopecia (<1% to 2%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (up to 6%), nausea/vomiting (4% to 6%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening symptoms): Acute liver failure, acute renal failure, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, erythema multiforme, granulocytopenia, hepatitis, hypersensitivity reaction, leukopenia, neutropenia, pancytopenia, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole, benzimidazoles, or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression: Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, granulocytopenia, leukopenia, and pancytopenia have occurred leading to fatalities (rare); use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment (more susceptible to hematologic toxicity). Discontinue therapy in all patients who develop clinically significant decreases in blood cell counts. Transaminase elevations: Reversible elevations in hepatic enzymes have been reported. Patients with abnormal LFTs and hepatic echinococcosis are at an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are >2 times the upper limit of normal; may consider restarting treatment (with frequent monitoring of LFTs) when hepatic enzymes return to pretreatment values.
Disease-related concerns: Neurocysticercosis: Appropriate use: Corticosteroids should be administered before or upon initiation of albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions and prevent cerebral hypertension. Anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent seizures. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Aminoquinolines (Antimalarial): May decrease the serum concentration of Anthelmintics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by up to 5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Tablets (Albenza)
200 mg (12): $26.99
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; LFTs and CBC with differential at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy (more frequent monitoring for patients with liver disease); pregnancy test
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Almex (MY); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendex-400 (ZA); Benzol (PH); Bruzol (MX); Ceprazol (CN); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Digezanol (MX); Emanthal (IN); Eskasole (MX); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, ES, GB, IL, JP, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Helmiben (UY); Helmidazole (AE, BH, CY, EG, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Labenda (TH); Lomsin (MX); Lurdex (MX); Mebenix (BR); Mesin-C (MY); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Parhel (CR, DO, GT, HN, NI, PA, SV); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Valbazen Vet (NO); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CH, CI, CL, CN, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IL, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KP, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, NL, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, PR, PT, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TN, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS
Absorption: Poor; may increase up to 5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation to active metabolite (albendazole sulfoxide [major]), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-5 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
Wednesday, January 23, 2008
Albendazole
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Albenza®
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS Neurocysticercosis: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus(hookworms) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing: Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworms), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE Tablet: Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Administer with meals. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Hymenolepis nana sp (tapeworms); Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini (liver flukes); Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT N = Neurocysticercosis; H = Hydatid disease
>10%: Central nervous system: Headache (11% - N; 1% - H) Hepatic: LFTs increased (~15% - H; <1% - N)
1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Dizziness, vertigo, fever (1%), intracranial pressure increased (1% - N), meningeal signs (1% - N) Dermatologic: Alopecia (2% - H; <1% - N) Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (6% - H; 0% - N), nausea/vomiting (3% to 6%) Hematologic: Leukopenia (reversible) (<1%) Miscellaneous: Allergic reactions (<1%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Acute renal failure, agranulocytopenia, allergic reaction, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, rash, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS — Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are significant; may restart treatment when decreased to pretreatment values. Becoming pregnant within 1 month following therapy is not advised.
Neurocysticercosis: Corticosteroids should be administered 1-2 days before albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions. Steroid and anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent cerebral hypertension. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
DRUG INTERACTIONS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by 4-5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)Tablets (Albenza) 200 mg (12): $23.59
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; monitor LFTs and clinical signs of hepatotoxicity; CBC at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Abentel (CN); ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Adazol (EC); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albendol (MY); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendapar (MX); Bendex-400 (ZA); Borotel (PE); Ceprazol (CL, PE); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Emanthal (IN); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, GB, IL, JP, MX, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Getzol (CO); Helmiben (UY); Labenda (TH); Loveral (MX); Mebenix (BR); Monodox (CO); Mycotel (TH); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Xadem (CO); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AN, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CI, CL, CO, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EC, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS Absorption: <5%; may increase up to 4-5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation (major), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-2.4 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS Neurocysticercosis: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus(hookworms) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing: Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworms), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE Tablet: Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Administer with meals. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Hymenolepis nana sp (tapeworms); Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini (liver flukes); Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT N = Neurocysticercosis; H = Hydatid disease
>10%: Central nervous system: Headache (11% - N; 1% - H) Hepatic: LFTs increased (~15% - H; <1% - N)
1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Dizziness, vertigo, fever (1%), intracranial pressure increased (1% - N), meningeal signs (1% - N) Dermatologic: Alopecia (2% - H; <1% - N) Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (6% - H; 0% - N), nausea/vomiting (3% to 6%) Hematologic: Leukopenia (reversible) (<1%) Miscellaneous: Allergic reactions (<1%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Acute renal failure, agranulocytopenia, allergic reaction, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, rash, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS — Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are significant; may restart treatment when decreased to pretreatment values. Becoming pregnant within 1 month following therapy is not advised.
Neurocysticercosis: Corticosteroids should be administered 1-2 days before albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions. Steroid and anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent cerebral hypertension. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
DRUG INTERACTIONS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by 4-5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)Tablets (Albenza) 200 mg (12): $23.59
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; monitor LFTs and clinical signs of hepatotoxicity; CBC at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Abentel (CN); ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Adazol (EC); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albendol (MY); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendapar (MX); Bendex-400 (ZA); Borotel (PE); Ceprazol (CL, PE); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Emanthal (IN); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, GB, IL, JP, MX, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Getzol (CO); Helmiben (UY); Labenda (TH); Loveral (MX); Mebenix (BR); Monodox (CO); Mycotel (TH); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Xadem (CO); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AN, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CI, CL, CO, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EC, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS Absorption: <5%; may increase up to 4-5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation (major), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-2.4 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
Albendazole
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Albenza®
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS Neurocysticercosis: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus(hookworms) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing: Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworms), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE Tablet: Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Administer with meals. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Hymenolepis nana sp (tapeworms); Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini (liver flukes); Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT N = Neurocysticercosis; H = Hydatid disease
>10%: Central nervous system: Headache (11% - N; 1% - H) Hepatic: LFTs increased (~15% - H; <1% - N)
1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Dizziness, vertigo, fever (1%), intracranial pressure increased (1% - N), meningeal signs (1% - N) Dermatologic: Alopecia (2% - H; <1% - N) Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (6% - H; 0% - N), nausea/vomiting (3% to 6%) Hematologic: Leukopenia (reversible) (<1%) Miscellaneous: Allergic reactions (<1%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Acute renal failure, agranulocytopenia, allergic reaction, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, rash, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS — Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are significant; may restart treatment when decreased to pretreatment values. Becoming pregnant within 1 month following therapy is not advised.
Neurocysticercosis: Corticosteroids should be administered 1-2 days before albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions. Steroid and anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent cerebral hypertension. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
DRUG INTERACTIONS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by 4-5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)Tablets (Albenza) 200 mg (12): $23.59
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; monitor LFTs and clinical signs of hepatotoxicity; CBC at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Abentel (CN); ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Adazol (EC); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albendol (MY); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendapar (MX); Bendex-400 (ZA); Borotel (PE); Ceprazol (CL, PE); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Emanthal (IN); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, GB, IL, JP, MX, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Getzol (CO); Helmiben (UY); Labenda (TH); Loveral (MX); Mebenix (BR); Monodox (CO); Mycotel (TH); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Xadem (CO); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AN, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CI, CL, CO, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EC, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS Absorption: <5%; may increase up to 4-5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation (major), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-2.4 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY Anthelmintic
DOSING: ADULTS Neurocysticercosis: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) for 8-30 days 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days Note: Give concurrent anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week.
Hydatid: Oral: <60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses (maximum: 800 mg/day) 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily Note: Administer dose for three 28-day cycles with a 14-day drug-free interval in between.
Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides(roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, and Necator americanus(hookworms) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose
Clonorchis sinensis(Chinese liver fluke) (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg for 7 days
Cutaneous larva migrans (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg once daily for 3 days
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg as a single dose; may repeat in 2 weeks
Gnathostoma spinigerum (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Gongylonemiasis (unlabeled use): Oral: 10 mg/kg/day for 3 days
Mansonella perstans(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 10 days
Visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 5 days
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Disseminated microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 1-6 months
Intestinal microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily for 21 days
Ocular microsporidiosis (unlabeled use): Oral: 400 mg twice daily, in combination with fumagillin
DOSING: PEDIATRIC
(For additional information see "Albendazole: Pediatric drug information")Neurocysticercosis: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Hydatid: Oral: Refer to adult dosing.
Cysticercus cellulosae(unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg/day) in 2 divided doses for 8-30 days; may be repeated as necessary
Echinococcus granulosus(tapeworm) (unlabeled use): Oral: 15 mg/kg/day (maximum: 800 mg) divided twice daily for 1-6 months
For the following unlabeled uses, refer to adult dosing: Ancylostoma caninum, Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, Clonorchis sinensis, (Chinese liver fluke), cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm), Gnathostoma spinigerum, gongylonemiasis, Mansonella perstans, Necator americanus (hookworms), visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis)
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet: 200 mg
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE Tablet: Albenza®: 200 mg
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — No
ADMINISTRATION — Administer with meals. Administer anticonvulsant and steroid therapy during first week of neurocysticercosis therapy.
USE — Treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium and cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum caused by Echinococcus granulosus
USE - UNLABELED / INVESTIGATIONAL — Albendazole has activity against Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm); Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus (hookworms); cutaneous larva migrans; Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm); Gnathostoma spinigerum; Gongylonema sp; Hymenolepis nana sp (tapeworms); Mansonella perstans (filariasis); Opisthorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini (liver flukes); Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm); visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis); activity has also been shown against the liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, Giardia lamblia, Cysticercus cellulosae, and Echinococcus multilocularis. Albendazole has also been used for the treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon intestinalis), disseminated microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp, Trachipleistophora sp, Brachiola vesicularum), and ocular microsporidiosis (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae).
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT N = Neurocysticercosis; H = Hydatid disease
>10%: Central nervous system: Headache (11% - N; 1% - H) Hepatic: LFTs increased (~15% - H; <1% - N)
1% to 10%: Central nervous system: Dizziness, vertigo, fever (1%), intracranial pressure increased (1% - N), meningeal signs (1% - N) Dermatologic: Alopecia (2% - H; <1% - N) Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (6% - H; 0% - N), nausea/vomiting (3% to 6%) Hematologic: Leukopenia (reversible) (<1%) Miscellaneous: Allergic reactions (<1%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Acute renal failure, agranulocytopenia, allergic reaction, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, rash, thrombocytopenia, urticaria
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to albendazole or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS — Discontinue therapy if LFT elevations are significant; may restart treatment when decreased to pretreatment values. Becoming pregnant within 1 month following therapy is not advised.
Neurocysticercosis: Corticosteroids should be administered 1-2 days before albendazole therapy to minimize inflammatory reactions. Steroid and anticonvulsant therapy should be used concurrently during the first week of therapy to prevent cerebral hypertension. If retinal lesions exist, weigh risk of further retinal damage due to albendazole-induced changes to the retinal lesion vs benefit of disease treatment.
DRUG INTERACTIONS — Substrate (minor) of CYP1A2, 3A4; Inhibits CYP1A2 (weak)
ETHANOL / NUTRITION / HERB INTERACTIONS — Food: Albendazole serum levels may be increased if taken with a fatty meal (increases the oral bioavailability by 4-5 times).
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Albendazole has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals and should not be used during pregnancy, if at all possible. Women should be advised to avoid pregnancy for at least 1 month following therapy. Discontinue if pregnancy occurs during treatment.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/not recommended
DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS — Should be taken with a high-fat meal.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)Tablets (Albenza) 200 mg (12): $23.59
MONITORING PARAMETERS — Monitor fecal specimens for ova and parasites for 3 weeks after treatment; if positive, retreat; monitor LFTs and clinical signs of hepatotoxicity; CBC at start of each 28-day cycle and every 2 weeks during therapy
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Abentel (CN); ABZ (IN); Acure (PK); Adazol (EC); Albatel (TH); Alben (BR); Albendol (MY); Albenzol (EC); Albex (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SY, YE); Albezole (IN); Alfuca (TH); Alminth (IN); Alzental (AE, BH, CY, EG, IQ, IR, JO, KW, LB, LY, OM, QA, SA, SG, SY, YE); Alzol (TH); Bendapar (MX); Bendex-400 (ZA); Borotel (PE); Ceprazol (CL, PE); Champs D-Worm 6 (MY); Ciclopar (CO); Dalben (HR); Emanthal (IN); Eskazole (AT, AU, DE, GB, IL, JP, MX, NL); Fintel (PE); Gascop (MX); Getzol (CO); Helmiben (UY); Labenda (TH); Loveral (MX); Mebenix (BR); Monodox (CO); Mycotel (TH); Nemozole (IN); Pantex (PY); Paranthil (ZA); Rotopar (EC); Sioban (IN); Vastus (AR); Vemizol (MY); Vermin Plus (MX); Xadem (CO); Zeben (TH); Zela (TH); Zentab (TH); Zentel (AE, AN, AU, BB, BF, BG, BH, BJ, BM, BR, BS, BZ, CI, CL, CO, CR, CY, CZ, DO, EC, EG, ET, FR, GH, GM, GN, GR, GT, GY, HN, IQ, IR, IT, JM, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, MX, MY, NE, NG, NI, OM, PA, PE, PH, PL, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SR, SV, SY, TH, TT, TZ, UG, VE, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — Active metabolite, albendazole, causes selective degeneration of cytoplasmic microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells of intestinal helminths and larvae; glycogen is depleted, glucose uptake and cholinesterase secretion are impaired, and desecratory substances accumulate intracellulary. ATP production decreases causing energy depletion, immobilization, and worm death.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS Absorption: <5%; may increase up to 4-5 times when administered with a fatty meal
Distribution: Well inside hydatid cysts and CSF
Protein binding: 70%
Metabolism: Hepatic; extensive first-pass effect; pathways include rapid sulfoxidation (major), hydrolysis, and oxidation
Half-life elimination: 8-12 hours
Time to peak, serum: 2-2.4 hours
Excretion: Urine (<1% as active metabolite); feces
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