U.S. BRAND NAMES — Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment [OTC]; Tri Biozene [OTC]
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS — Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected areas; cover with sterile bandage if needed
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Topical: Children ≥ 2 years: Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg per g (15 g, 30 g)
Tri Biozene: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment [OTC]: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Tri Biozene: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible superficial topical infections and provide temporary relief of pain or discomfort
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, pramoxine, or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Other warnings/precautions:
Showing posts with label neomycin. Show all posts
Showing posts with label neomycin. Show all posts
Sunday, May 30, 2010
Bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and pramoxin
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment [OTC]; Tri Biozene [OTC]
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS — Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected areas; cover with sterile bandage if needed
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Topical: Children ≥ 2 years: Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg per g (15 g, 30 g)
Tri Biozene: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment [OTC]: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Tri Biozene: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible superficial topical infections and provide temporary relief of pain or discomfort
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, pramoxine, or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Other warnings/precautions:
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS — Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected areas; cover with sterile bandage if needed
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Topical: Children ≥ 2 years: Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg per g (15 g, 30 g)
Tri Biozene: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine hydrochloride 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® + Pain Relief Ointment [OTC]: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g, 30 g)
Tri Biozene: Bacitracin 500 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and pramoxine 10 mg (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible superficial topical infections and provide temporary relief of pain or discomfort
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, pramoxine, or any component of the formulation
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Other warnings/precautions:
Bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin® Ointment
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
Corticosteroid, Ophthalmic
Corticosteroid, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2 inch ribbon to inside of lower lid every 3-4 hours until improvement occurs.
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply sparingly 2-4 times/day. Therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved; if no improvement is seen, reassessment of diagnosis may be necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin sulfate 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes: Ophthalmic ointment
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible inflammatory conditions where bacterial infection (or risk of infection) is present
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined. For additional information, see individual agents.
Ophthalmic ointment:
Dermatologic: Delayed wound healing, rash
Ocular: Cataracts, corneal thinning, glaucoma, irritation, keratitis (bacterial), intraocular pressure increase, optic nerve damage, scleral thinning
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to kanamycin, paromomycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
Topical ointment:
Dermatologic: Acneiform eruptions, allergic contact dermatitis, burning skin, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, hypopigmentation, irritation, maceration of skin, miliaria, ocular hypertension, perioral dermatitis, pruritus, skin atrophy, striae
Otic: Ototoxicity
Renal: Nephrotoxicity
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to karamycin, paromycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, or any component of the formulation; not for use in viral infections, fungal diseases, mycobacterial infections
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Adrenal suppression: Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids may cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression (reversible) particularly in younger children. HPA axis suppression may lead to adrenal crisis. Risk is increased when used over large surface areas, for prolonged periods, or with occlusive dressings. Immunosuppression: Prolonged use of corticosteroids may also increase the incidence of secondary infection, mask acute infection (including fungal infections), prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to vaccines. Kaposi's sarcoma: Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids has been associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (case reports); if noted, discontinuation of therapy should be considered. Neomycin sensitization: Symptoms of neomycin sensitization include itching, reddening, edema, and failure to heal. Discontinuation of product and avoidance of similar products should be considered. Systemic effects: Adverse systemic effects including hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and fluid and electrolyte changes.
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Should never be directly introduced into the anterior chamber. May retard corneal healing. Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension/glaucoma, corneal and scleral thinning, potentially resulting in perforation. Use with caution in glaucoma. Avoid use following ocular cataract surgery. Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions, has caused bacterial keratitis.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Hydrocortisone: Substrate of CYP3A4 (minor); Induces CYP3A4 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Increased muscular weakness may occur. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aminoglutethimide: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Amphotericin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antacids: May decrease the bioavailability of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Antidiabetic Agents: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the hypoglycemic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. In some instances, corticosteroid-mediated HPA axis suppression has led to episodes of acute adrenal crisis, which may manifest as enhanced hypoglycemia, particularly in the setting of insulin or other antidiabetic agent use. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Barbiturates: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bile Acid Sequestrants: May decrease the absorption of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcitriol: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcitriol. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Corticorelin: Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Corticorelin. Specifically, the plasma ACTH response to corticorelin may be blunted by recent or current corticosteroid therapy. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of CycloSPORINE. CycloSPORINE may increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Estrogen Derivatives: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fluconazole: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). The active metabolite aprepitant is likely responsible for this effect. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Isoniazid: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Isoniazid. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Loop Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Loop Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Macrolide Antibiotics: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Exceptions: Azithromycin; Dirithromycin [Off Market]; Spiramycin. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Mitotane: May decrease the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing): May enhance the adverse neuromuscular effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Increased muscle weakness, possibly progressing to polyneuropathies and myopathies, may occur. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor). Risk C: Monitor therapy
NSAID (Nonselective): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (Nonselective). Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
P-Glycoprotein Inducers: May decrease the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inducers may also further limit the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors: May increase the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inhibitors may also enhance the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Primidone: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Quinolone Antibiotics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk of tendon-related side effects, including tendonitis and rupture, may be enhanced. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rifamycin Derivatives: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Salicylates: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). These specifically include gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Salicylates. Withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylate toxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Thiazide Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Thiazide Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Vaccinial infections may develop. Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Warfarin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Bacitra-Neomycin-Polymyxin-HC)
1% (3.5): $13.93
Ointment (Cortisporin)
1% (15): $70.84
MONITORING PARAMETERS — If ophthalmic ointment is used >10 days or in patients with glaucoma, monitor intraocular pressure (IOP).
CANADIAN BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin® Topical Ointment
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin Topical Ointment (CA); Polybamycin (SG)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
Corticosteroid, Ophthalmic
Corticosteroid, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2 inch ribbon to inside of lower lid every 3-4 hours until improvement occurs.
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply sparingly 2-4 times/day. Therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved; if no improvement is seen, reassessment of diagnosis may be necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin sulfate 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes: Ophthalmic ointment
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible inflammatory conditions where bacterial infection (or risk of infection) is present
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined. For additional information, see individual agents.
Ophthalmic ointment:
Dermatologic: Delayed wound healing, rash
Ocular: Cataracts, corneal thinning, glaucoma, irritation, keratitis (bacterial), intraocular pressure increase, optic nerve damage, scleral thinning
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to kanamycin, paromomycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
Topical ointment:
Dermatologic: Acneiform eruptions, allergic contact dermatitis, burning skin, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, hypopigmentation, irritation, maceration of skin, miliaria, ocular hypertension, perioral dermatitis, pruritus, skin atrophy, striae
Otic: Ototoxicity
Renal: Nephrotoxicity
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to karamycin, paromycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, or any component of the formulation; not for use in viral infections, fungal diseases, mycobacterial infections
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Adrenal suppression: Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids may cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression (reversible) particularly in younger children. HPA axis suppression may lead to adrenal crisis. Risk is increased when used over large surface areas, for prolonged periods, or with occlusive dressings. Immunosuppression: Prolonged use of corticosteroids may also increase the incidence of secondary infection, mask acute infection (including fungal infections), prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to vaccines. Kaposi's sarcoma: Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids has been associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (case reports); if noted, discontinuation of therapy should be considered. Neomycin sensitization: Symptoms of neomycin sensitization include itching, reddening, edema, and failure to heal. Discontinuation of product and avoidance of similar products should be considered. Systemic effects: Adverse systemic effects including hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and fluid and electrolyte changes.
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Should never be directly introduced into the anterior chamber. May retard corneal healing. Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension/glaucoma, corneal and scleral thinning, potentially resulting in perforation. Use with caution in glaucoma. Avoid use following ocular cataract surgery. Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions, has caused bacterial keratitis.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Hydrocortisone: Substrate of CYP3A4 (minor); Induces CYP3A4 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Increased muscular weakness may occur. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aminoglutethimide: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Amphotericin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antacids: May decrease the bioavailability of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Antidiabetic Agents: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the hypoglycemic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. In some instances, corticosteroid-mediated HPA axis suppression has led to episodes of acute adrenal crisis, which may manifest as enhanced hypoglycemia, particularly in the setting of insulin or other antidiabetic agent use. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Barbiturates: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bile Acid Sequestrants: May decrease the absorption of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcitriol: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcitriol. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Corticorelin: Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Corticorelin. Specifically, the plasma ACTH response to corticorelin may be blunted by recent or current corticosteroid therapy. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of CycloSPORINE. CycloSPORINE may increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Estrogen Derivatives: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fluconazole: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). The active metabolite aprepitant is likely responsible for this effect. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Isoniazid: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Isoniazid. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Loop Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Loop Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Macrolide Antibiotics: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Exceptions: Azithromycin; Dirithromycin [Off Market]; Spiramycin. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Mitotane: May decrease the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing): May enhance the adverse neuromuscular effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Increased muscle weakness, possibly progressing to polyneuropathies and myopathies, may occur. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor). Risk C: Monitor therapy
NSAID (Nonselective): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (Nonselective). Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
P-Glycoprotein Inducers: May decrease the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inducers may also further limit the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors: May increase the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inhibitors may also enhance the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Primidone: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Quinolone Antibiotics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk of tendon-related side effects, including tendonitis and rupture, may be enhanced. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rifamycin Derivatives: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Salicylates: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). These specifically include gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Salicylates. Withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylate toxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Thiazide Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Thiazide Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Vaccinial infections may develop. Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Warfarin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Bacitra-Neomycin-Polymyxin-HC)
1% (3.5): $13.93
Ointment (Cortisporin)
1% (15): $70.84
MONITORING PARAMETERS — If ophthalmic ointment is used >10 days or in patients with glaucoma, monitor intraocular pressure (IOP).
CANADIAN BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin® Topical Ointment
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin Topical Ointment (CA); Polybamycin (SG)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
Bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, and hydrocortisone
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin® Ointment
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
Corticosteroid, Ophthalmic
Corticosteroid, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2 inch ribbon to inside of lower lid every 3-4 hours until improvement occurs.
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply sparingly 2-4 times/day. Therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved; if no improvement is seen, reassessment of diagnosis may be necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin sulfate 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes: Ophthalmic ointment
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible inflammatory conditions where bacterial infection (or risk of infection) is present
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined. For additional information, see individual agents.
Ophthalmic ointment:
Dermatologic: Delayed wound healing, rash
Ocular: Cataracts, corneal thinning, glaucoma, irritation, keratitis (bacterial), intraocular pressure increase, optic nerve damage, scleral thinning
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to kanamycin, paromomycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
Topical ointment:
Dermatologic: Acneiform eruptions, allergic contact dermatitis, burning skin, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, hypopigmentation, irritation, maceration of skin, miliaria, ocular hypertension, perioral dermatitis, pruritus, skin atrophy, striae
Otic: Ototoxicity
Renal: Nephrotoxicity
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to karamycin, paromycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, or any component of the formulation; not for use in viral infections, fungal diseases, mycobacterial infections
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Adrenal suppression: Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids may cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression (reversible) particularly in younger children. HPA axis suppression may lead to adrenal crisis. Risk is increased when used over large surface areas, for prolonged periods, or with occlusive dressings. Immunosuppression: Prolonged use of corticosteroids may also increase the incidence of secondary infection, mask acute infection (including fungal infections), prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to vaccines. Kaposi's sarcoma: Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids has been associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (case reports); if noted, discontinuation of therapy should be considered. Neomycin sensitization: Symptoms of neomycin sensitization include itching, reddening, edema, and failure to heal. Discontinuation of product and avoidance of similar products should be considered. Systemic effects: Adverse systemic effects including hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and fluid and electrolyte changes.
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Should never be directly introduced into the anterior chamber. May retard corneal healing. Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension/glaucoma, corneal and scleral thinning, potentially resulting in perforation. Use with caution in glaucoma. Avoid use following ocular cataract surgery. Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions, has caused bacterial keratitis.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Hydrocortisone: Substrate of CYP3A4 (minor); Induces CYP3A4 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Increased muscular weakness may occur. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aminoglutethimide: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Amphotericin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antacids: May decrease the bioavailability of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Antidiabetic Agents: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the hypoglycemic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. In some instances, corticosteroid-mediated HPA axis suppression has led to episodes of acute adrenal crisis, which may manifest as enhanced hypoglycemia, particularly in the setting of insulin or other antidiabetic agent use. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Barbiturates: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bile Acid Sequestrants: May decrease the absorption of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcitriol: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcitriol. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Corticorelin: Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Corticorelin. Specifically, the plasma ACTH response to corticorelin may be blunted by recent or current corticosteroid therapy. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of CycloSPORINE. CycloSPORINE may increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Estrogen Derivatives: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fluconazole: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). The active metabolite aprepitant is likely responsible for this effect. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Isoniazid: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Isoniazid. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Loop Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Loop Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Macrolide Antibiotics: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Exceptions: Azithromycin; Dirithromycin [Off Market]; Spiramycin. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Mitotane: May decrease the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing): May enhance the adverse neuromuscular effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Increased muscle weakness, possibly progressing to polyneuropathies and myopathies, may occur. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor). Risk C: Monitor therapy
NSAID (Nonselective): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (Nonselective). Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
P-Glycoprotein Inducers: May decrease the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inducers may also further limit the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors: May increase the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inhibitors may also enhance the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Primidone: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Quinolone Antibiotics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk of tendon-related side effects, including tendonitis and rupture, may be enhanced. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rifamycin Derivatives: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Salicylates: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). These specifically include gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Salicylates. Withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylate toxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Thiazide Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Thiazide Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Vaccinial infections may develop. Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Warfarin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Bacitra-Neomycin-Polymyxin-HC)
1% (3.5): $13.93
Ointment (Cortisporin)
1% (15): $70.84
MONITORING PARAMETERS — If ophthalmic ointment is used >10 days or in patients with glaucoma, monitor intraocular pressure (IOP).
CANADIAN BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin® Topical Ointment
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin Topical Ointment (CA); Polybamycin (SG)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
Corticosteroid, Ophthalmic
Corticosteroid, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2 inch ribbon to inside of lower lid every 3-4 hours until improvement occurs.
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply sparingly 2-4 times/day. Therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved; if no improvement is seen, reassessment of diagnosis may be necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin sulfate 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 10,000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical:
Cortisporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, polymyxin B 5000 units, and hydrocortisone 10 mg per g (15 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes: Ophthalmic ointment
USE — Prevention and treatment of susceptible inflammatory conditions where bacterial infection (or risk of infection) is present
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined. For additional information, see individual agents.
Ophthalmic ointment:
Dermatologic: Delayed wound healing, rash
Ocular: Cataracts, corneal thinning, glaucoma, irritation, keratitis (bacterial), intraocular pressure increase, optic nerve damage, scleral thinning
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to kanamycin, paromomycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
Topical ointment:
Dermatologic: Acneiform eruptions, allergic contact dermatitis, burning skin, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, hypopigmentation, irritation, maceration of skin, miliaria, ocular hypertension, perioral dermatitis, pruritus, skin atrophy, striae
Otic: Ototoxicity
Renal: Nephrotoxicity
Miscellaneous: Hypersensitivity (including anaphylaxis), secondary infection, sensitization to karamycin, paromycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B, hydrocortisone, or any component of the formulation; not for use in viral infections, fungal diseases, mycobacterial infections
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Concerns related to adverse effects: Adrenal suppression: Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids may cause hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression (reversible) particularly in younger children. HPA axis suppression may lead to adrenal crisis. Risk is increased when used over large surface areas, for prolonged periods, or with occlusive dressings. Immunosuppression: Prolonged use of corticosteroids may also increase the incidence of secondary infection, mask acute infection (including fungal infections), prolong or exacerbate viral infections, or limit response to vaccines. Kaposi's sarcoma: Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids has been associated with the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (case reports); if noted, discontinuation of therapy should be considered. Neomycin sensitization: Symptoms of neomycin sensitization include itching, reddening, edema, and failure to heal. Discontinuation of product and avoidance of similar products should be considered. Systemic effects: Adverse systemic effects including hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and fluid and electrolyte changes.
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Should never be directly introduced into the anterior chamber. May retard corneal healing. Prolonged use may result in ocular hypertension/glaucoma, corneal and scleral thinning, potentially resulting in perforation. Use with caution in glaucoma. Avoid use following ocular cataract surgery. Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions, has caused bacterial keratitis.
METABOLISM / TRANSPORT EFFECTS — Hydrocortisone: Substrate of CYP3A4 (minor); Induces CYP3A4 (weak)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Increased muscular weakness may occur. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aminoglutethimide: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Amphotericin B: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Amphotericin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antacids: May decrease the bioavailability of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Antidiabetic Agents: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the hypoglycemic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. In some instances, corticosteroid-mediated HPA axis suppression has led to episodes of acute adrenal crisis, which may manifest as enhanced hypoglycemia, particularly in the setting of insulin or other antidiabetic agent use. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Barbiturates: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bile Acid Sequestrants: May decrease the absorption of Corticosteroids (Oral). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcitriol: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcitriol. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine): May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Corticorelin: Corticosteroids may diminish the therapeutic effect of Corticorelin. Specifically, the plasma ACTH response to corticorelin may be blunted by recent or current corticosteroid therapy. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of CycloSPORINE. CycloSPORINE may increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Estrogen Derivatives: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fluconazole: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). The active metabolite aprepitant is likely responsible for this effect. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Isoniazid: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Isoniazid. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Loop Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Loop Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Macrolide Antibiotics: May decrease the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Exceptions: Azithromycin; Dirithromycin [Off Market]; Spiramycin. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Mitotane: May decrease the serum concentration of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Risk X: Avoid combination
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing): May enhance the adverse neuromuscular effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Increased muscle weakness, possibly progressing to polyneuropathies and myopathies, may occur. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (COX-2 Inhibitor). Risk C: Monitor therapy
NSAID (Nonselective): Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of NSAID (Nonselective). Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
P-Glycoprotein Inducers: May decrease the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inducers may also further limit the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors: May increase the serum concentration of P-Glycoprotein Substrates. P-glycoprotein inhibitors may also enhance the distribution of p-glycoprotein substrates to specific cells/tissues/organs where p-glycoprotein is present in large amounts (e.g., brain, T-lymphocytes, testes, etc.). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Primidone: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Quinolone Antibiotics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk of tendon-related side effects, including tendonitis and rupture, may be enhanced. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Rifamycin Derivatives: May increase the metabolism of Corticosteroids (Systemic). Risk C: Monitor therapy
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Salicylates: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Corticosteroids (Systemic). These specifically include gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding. Corticosteroids (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Salicylates. Withdrawal of corticosteroids may result in salicylate toxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Thiazide Diuretics: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Thiazide Diuretics. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Vaccinial infections may develop. Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Risk X: Avoid combination
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Warfarin: Corticosteroids (Systemic) may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Bacitra-Neomycin-Polymyxin-HC)
1% (3.5): $13.93
Ointment (Cortisporin)
1% (15): $70.84
MONITORING PARAMETERS — If ophthalmic ointment is used >10 days or in patients with glaucoma, monitor intraocular pressure (IOP).
CANADIAN BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin® Topical Ointment
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Cortisporin Topical Ointment (CA); Polybamycin (SG)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Neosporin® Neo To Go® [OTC]; Neosporin® Topical [OTC]
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2" into the conjunctival sac every 3-4 hours for 7-10 days for acute infections
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected area; may cover with sterile bandage if necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
(For additional information see "Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B: Pediatric drug information")
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Helps prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns; short-term treatment of superficial external ocular infections caused by susceptible organisms
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined.
Dermatologic: Reddening, allergic contact dermatitis
Local: Itching, failure to heal, swelling, irritation
Ophthalmic: Conjunctival edema
Miscellaneous: Anaphylaxis
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to neomycin, polymyxin B, zinc bacitracin, or any component of the formulation; epithelial herpes simplex keratitis; mycobacterial or fungal infections; topical ointments for external use only
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Bacterial keratitis has been reported with the use of topical ophthalmic products in multiple-dose containers. Care should be taken to not contaminate the container. Topical ointment: When used for self-medication (OTC use), patients should notify healthcare provider if needed for >1 week. Should not be used for self-medication on deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Not for application to large areas of the body.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents: May decrease the excretion of Aminoglycosides. Data only in premature infants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Reproduction studies have not been conducted with this combination; therefore, Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B is classified as pregnancy category C. See individual agents.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
BREAST-FEEDING CONSIDERATIONS — It is not known if bacitracin, neomycin, or polymyxin B is excreted into breast milk. The manufacturer recommends that caution be exercised when administering Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B to nursing women. See individual agents.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Neomycin-Bacitracin Zn-Polymyx)
5-400-10000 (3.5): $7.99
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Bamyxin (IL); Dactrol (ID); Multimycin (PE); My-B (TH); Neo-Polybacin (AE, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, EG, ET, GH, GM, GN, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, OM, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW); Neosporin Dermico (MX); Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment (AU, IN); Novosporina (PY); Polixin Ungena (MX); Polysporin (BR); Terramycin Plus (PH); Tribiot (MX); Yentuogin (TW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2" into the conjunctival sac every 3-4 hours for 7-10 days for acute infections
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected area; may cover with sterile bandage if necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
(For additional information see "Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B: Pediatric drug information")
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Helps prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns; short-term treatment of superficial external ocular infections caused by susceptible organisms
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined.
Dermatologic: Reddening, allergic contact dermatitis
Local: Itching, failure to heal, swelling, irritation
Ophthalmic: Conjunctival edema
Miscellaneous: Anaphylaxis
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to neomycin, polymyxin B, zinc bacitracin, or any component of the formulation; epithelial herpes simplex keratitis; mycobacterial or fungal infections; topical ointments for external use only
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Bacterial keratitis has been reported with the use of topical ophthalmic products in multiple-dose containers. Care should be taken to not contaminate the container. Topical ointment: When used for self-medication (OTC use), patients should notify healthcare provider if needed for >1 week. Should not be used for self-medication on deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Not for application to large areas of the body.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents: May decrease the excretion of Aminoglycosides. Data only in premature infants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Reproduction studies have not been conducted with this combination; therefore, Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B is classified as pregnancy category C. See individual agents.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
BREAST-FEEDING CONSIDERATIONS — It is not known if bacitracin, neomycin, or polymyxin B is excreted into breast milk. The manufacturer recommends that caution be exercised when administering Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B to nursing women. See individual agents.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Neomycin-Bacitracin Zn-Polymyx)
5-400-10000 (3.5): $7.99
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Bamyxin (IL); Dactrol (ID); Multimycin (PE); My-B (TH); Neo-Polybacin (AE, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, EG, ET, GH, GM, GN, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, OM, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW); Neosporin Dermico (MX); Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment (AU, IN); Novosporina (PY); Polixin Ungena (MX); Polysporin (BR); Terramycin Plus (PH); Tribiot (MX); Yentuogin (TW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B
U.S. BRAND NAMES — Neosporin® Neo To Go® [OTC]; Neosporin® Topical [OTC]
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2" into the conjunctival sac every 3-4 hours for 7-10 days for acute infections
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected area; may cover with sterile bandage if necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
(For additional information see "Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B: Pediatric drug information")
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Helps prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns; short-term treatment of superficial external ocular infections caused by susceptible organisms
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined.
Dermatologic: Reddening, allergic contact dermatitis
Local: Itching, failure to heal, swelling, irritation
Ophthalmic: Conjunctival edema
Miscellaneous: Anaphylaxis
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to neomycin, polymyxin B, zinc bacitracin, or any component of the formulation; epithelial herpes simplex keratitis; mycobacterial or fungal infections; topical ointments for external use only
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Bacterial keratitis has been reported with the use of topical ophthalmic products in multiple-dose containers. Care should be taken to not contaminate the container. Topical ointment: When used for self-medication (OTC use), patients should notify healthcare provider if needed for >1 week. Should not be used for self-medication on deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Not for application to large areas of the body.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents: May decrease the excretion of Aminoglycosides. Data only in premature infants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Reproduction studies have not been conducted with this combination; therefore, Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B is classified as pregnancy category C. See individual agents.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
BREAST-FEEDING CONSIDERATIONS — It is not known if bacitracin, neomycin, or polymyxin B is excreted into breast milk. The manufacturer recommends that caution be exercised when administering Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B to nursing women. See individual agents.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Neomycin-Bacitracin Zn-Polymyx)
5-400-10000 (3.5): $7.99
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Bamyxin (IL); Dactrol (ID); Multimycin (PE); My-B (TH); Neo-Polybacin (AE, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, EG, ET, GH, GM, GN, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, OM, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW); Neosporin Dermico (MX); Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment (AU, IN); Novosporina (PY); Polixin Ungena (MX); Polysporin (BR); Terramycin Plus (PH); Tribiot (MX); Yentuogin (TW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
PHARMACOLOGIC CATEGORY
Antibiotic, Ophthalmic
Antibiotic, Topical
DOSING: ADULTS
Ophthalmic infection: Ophthalmic ointment: Instill 1/2" into the conjunctival sac every 3-4 hours for 7-10 days for acute infections
Superficial dermal infection: Topical: Apply 1-3 times/day to infected area; may cover with sterile bandage if necessary.
DOSING: PEDIATRIC — Refer to adult dosing.
(For additional information see "Bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B: Pediatric drug information")
DOSING: ELDERLY — Refer to adult dosing.
DOSAGE FORMS — Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go®: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
DOSAGE FORMS: CONCISE
Ointment, ophthalmic: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 10,000 units per g (3.5 g)
Ointment, topical: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g, 15 g, 30 g, 454 g)
Neosporin® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (15 g, 30 g)
Neosporin® Neo To Go® [OTC]: Bacitracin 400 units, neomycin 3.5 mg, and polymyxin B 5000 units per g (0.9 g)
GENERIC EQUIVALENT AVAILABLE — Yes
USE — Helps prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns; short-term treatment of superficial external ocular infections caused by susceptible organisms
ADVERSE REACTIONS SIGNIFICANT — Frequency not defined.
Dermatologic: Reddening, allergic contact dermatitis
Local: Itching, failure to heal, swelling, irritation
Ophthalmic: Conjunctival edema
Miscellaneous: Anaphylaxis
CONTRAINDICATIONS — Hypersensitivity to neomycin, polymyxin B, zinc bacitracin, or any component of the formulation; epithelial herpes simplex keratitis; mycobacterial or fungal infections; topical ointments for external use only
WARNINGS / PRECAUTIONS
Dosage form specific issues: Ophthalmic ointment: Bacterial keratitis has been reported with the use of topical ophthalmic products in multiple-dose containers. Care should be taken to not contaminate the container. Topical ointment: When used for self-medication (OTC use), patients should notify healthcare provider if needed for >1 week. Should not be used for self-medication on deep or puncture wounds, animal bites, or serious burns. Not for application to large areas of the body.
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Amphotericin B: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Aminoglycosides may enhance the hypocalcemic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Polymyxin B. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Capreomycin: May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CARBOplatin: Aminoglycosides may enhance the ototoxic effect of CARBOplatin. Especially with higher doses of carboplatin. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Cardiac Glycosides: Aminoglycosides may decrease the absorption of Cardiac Glycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CISplatin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Colistimethate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Colistimethate. Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Colistimethate: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Colistimethate. Risk C: Monitor therapy
CycloSPORINE: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of CycloSPORINE. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Gallium Nitrate: Aminoglycosides may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Gallium Nitrate. Risk X: Avoid combination
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Specifically, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Polymyxin B may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents: Aminoglycosides may enhance the respiratory depressant effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents: May decrease the excretion of Aminoglycosides. Data only in premature infants. Risk C: Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Penicillins: May decrease the serum concentration of Aminoglycosides. Primarily associated with extended spectrum penicillins, and patients with renal dysfunction. Exceptions: Amoxicillin; Ampicillin; Cloxacillin; Dicloxacillin; Methicillin; Nafcillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G (Parenteral/Aqueous); Penicillin G Benzathine; Penicillin G Procaine; Penicillin V Potassium. Risk D: Consider therapy modification
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Aminoglycosides may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Risk C: Monitor therapy
Vancomycin: May enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Aminoglycosides. Risk C: Monitor therapy
PREGNANCY RISK FACTOR — C (show table)
PREGNANCY IMPLICATIONS — Reproduction studies have not been conducted with this combination; therefore, Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B is classified as pregnancy category C. See individual agents.
LACTATION — Excretion in breast milk unknown/use caution
BREAST-FEEDING CONSIDERATIONS — It is not known if bacitracin, neomycin, or polymyxin B is excreted into breast milk. The manufacturer recommends that caution be exercised when administering Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B to nursing women. See individual agents.
PRICING — (data from drugstore.com)
Ointment (Neomycin-Bacitracin Zn-Polymyx)
5-400-10000 (3.5): $7.99
INTERNATIONAL BRAND NAMES — Bamyxin (IL); Dactrol (ID); Multimycin (PE); My-B (TH); Neo-Polybacin (AE, BF, BH, BJ, CI, CY, EG, ET, GH, GM, GN, IL, IQ, IR, JO, KE, KW, LB, LR, LY, MA, ML, MR, MU, MW, NE, NG, OM, QA, SA, SC, SD, SL, SN, SY, TN, TZ, UG, YE, ZA, ZM, ZW); Neosporin Dermico (MX); Neosporin Ophthalmic Ointment (AU, IN); Novosporina (PY); Polixin Ungena (MX); Polysporin (BR); Terramycin Plus (PH); Tribiot (MX); Yentuogin (TW)
MECHANISM OF ACTION — See individual agents.
PHARMACODYNAMICS / KINETICS — See individual agents.
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